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Colds and the flu are common this time of year, and both can disrupt your routine. Adults in the U.S. average two to three colds each year, and colds are one of the most frequent reasons for missed school and work, according to the CDC. Meanwhile, the 2024–2025 flu season led to an estimated 51 million illnesses, 23 million medical visits, and 710,000 hospitalizations nationwide.
Because cold and flu symptoms can overlap, it’s not always easy to know which one you have or what to do next. But there are a few clues that can help. For instance, flu symptoms tend to come on suddenly and feel more intense, while cold symptoms often develop more gradually and stay milder.
Knowing the difference can help you decide how to care for yourself, when to recuperate at home, and when you may benefit from seeing a healthcare provider.
A cold is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract. The CDC says that more than 200 known respiratory viruses can cause colds. Colds typically last less than a week, though symptoms can sometimes linger. Colds are contagious, and you can get one at any time of year.
The flu, or influenza, is also a contagious respiratory illness. It’s caused by influenza viruses that infect tissues in the nose, throat, and sometimes the lungs. Flu can range from mild to severe and, in some cases, lead to serious complications and even become life-threatening. While you can get the flu at any time of year, cases are most concentrated in the fall and winter months.
“A cold and the flu can both make you feel run-down, but the flu often hits harder and faster,” says Abraham Weinberg, DO, physician with Stones Crossing Family Medicine at Community Health Network. “With a cold, symptoms usually build more gradually. With the flu, people often describe feeling fine one day and significantly worse the next.”
Trying to make sense of your symptoms? This quick comparison offers important clues that can help you understand if you’re dealing with a cold or the flu.
Symptom | Cold | Flu |
| How symptoms start | Usually gradual | Often sudden |
| When symptoms feel worst | Often days 2–3 | Often within the first 1–3 days |
| Fever | Rare or mild | Common, though not everyone has one |
| Chills | Uncommon | Common |
| Body aches | Mild, if present | Common and often more intense |
| Fatigue | Mild | Common and can be significant |
| Cough | Common | Common, often dry |
| Runny or stuffy nose | Common | Sometimes |
| Sore throat | Common | Sometimes |
| How long symptoms last | Often about a week | Often several days to a week or longer |
While comparisons like these are helpful, they are only a guide, not a diagnosis. “Everyone experiences illness differently, so your cold or flu symptoms may not match these patterns exactly. For instance, not everyone with the flu has a fever,” Dr. Weinberg says. “If you’re not sure what’s causing your symptoms or you’re at higher risk for complications, it’s a good idea to check in with a healthcare provider.”
While most colds and flu cases can be managed at home, some people are more likely to develop complications, especially from the flu. The CDC identifies these high-risk groups:
If you fall into one of these categories and develop flu-like symptoms, it’s a good idea to check in with a healthcare provider early. They can help determine whether you may need testing, treatment or closer monitoring.
One of the best ways to protect yourself from serious flu illness is to get a flu vaccine each year. The CDC recommends annual flu vaccines for everyone ages 6 months and older, with rare exceptions. Flu vaccination is especially important for those who are more likely to develop complications.
“There’s a lot of information out there about vaccines, and not all of it is accurate,” Dr. Weinberg says. “What we know from years of research is that flu vaccines are safe for most people and can reduce your risk of getting seriously ill, needing hospital care or developing complications. Even in seasons when the vaccine isn’t a perfect match, it can still offer important protection.”
And that protection can be significant. The CDC estimates that flu vaccination prevented 10 million illnesses, 5 million medical visits, and 180,000 hospitalizations in the U.S. during the 2024–2025 flu season.
Practicing good hygiene can also help reduce the spread of respiratory viruses like colds and the flu. Wash your hands often, cover coughs and sneezes, avoid close contact with people who are sick and stay home when you’re not feeling well.
Flu testing can help confirm what’s causing your symptoms and guide the right next steps, especially if treatment may be helpful.
Antiviral medications may help lessen flu symptoms and shorten the time you’re sick. A healthcare provider can help determine if antiviral treatment makes sense for you.
“Timing matters with flu treatment. Antivirals work best when started within the first day or two of symptoms, and starting early can shorten the illness and lower the risk of complications,” Dr. Weinberg says. “If you think you may have the flu, check in with a provider as soon as you can. If you’re at higher risk for complications, don’t assume it’s too late to call after two days — a provider can consider your risk factors, symptoms and how the illness is progressing to determine whether treatment may still be appropriate.”
If you’re unsure whether you have a cold or the flu, or if your symptoms are getting worse, Community can help you find the right care in central Indiana.
Call your doctor, visit a Community Clinic at Walgreens, find your nearest Community-GoHealth Urgent Care or schedule a virtual appointment through Connect to Care.
Medically reviewed by Abraham Weinberg, DO, physician with Stones Crossing Family Medicine, Community Health Network
About Abraham Weinberg, DO
Abraham Weinberg, DO, earned his degree from Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine in Indianapolis, IN. He completed his residency training through the Community Hospital South Osteopathic Family Medicine Residency program and is board certified in family medicine.
Dr. Weinberg brings a unique healthcare perspective to his practice, having worked as a phlebotomist and laboratory assistant prior to attending medical school. He is a member of the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) and the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP).
Dr. Weinberg provides comprehensive primary care for patients of all ages with professional interests in general family medicine, mental health and preventive health. He is committed to helping patients achieve their health goals through personalized evidence-based care and an emphasis on long-term wellness.
