Types of Skin Cancer

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer. It grows slowly and is highly treatable when found early. This type of cancer typically develops in areas of the skin that receive most sun exposure over time.

• Common locations: BCC is often found on the head, neck, face — especially the nose — and the backs of the hands.
• What it looks like: It often appears as a smooth, pearly bump, a pink growth, or a sore that bleeds easily and doesn't heal.
• Why early detection matters: Basal cell carcinoma rarely spreads to other parts of the body. However, if left untreated, it can grow deeper into the surrounding skin and tissue. Catching it early keeps treatment simple and highly effective.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer. It develops in the outer layers of your skin and is highly treatable when caught early.

• Common locations: SCC is most often found on sun-exposed areas of the body, including the face, ears, neck, scalp and hands.
• What it looks like: It may appear as a firm red bump, a scaly patch or a rough, crusty sore.
• Why early detection matters: Squamous cell carcinoma can sometimes develop from actinic keratosis (AK) — rough, dry patches caused by sun damage. Treating these precancerous areas early can prevent them from turning into skin cancer.

Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer because of its ability to spread to other parts of the body. While less common than basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma, it is highly treatable when caught in its earliest stages.

• Where it starts: Melanoma develops in melanocytes — the cells that give your skin its color. It can form within an existing mole or appear as a new spot, often as a result of UV damage.
• What it looks like: Melanomas often look different from typical moles. They may be asymmetrical, have irregular borders, or show a mix of colors such as brown, black, tan or blue.
• Why early detection matters: Melanoma becomes more difficult to treat once it spreads, which makes early detection especially important. Learning the ABCDE's for skin cancer and performing regular skin self-exams can help you recognize changes early. If you notice any new, changing or unusual spots, schedule a professional evaluation as soon as possible.

Actinic keratosis (AK) is a precancerous skin growth caused by long-term sun exposure. While it is not skin cancer, it can develop into squamous cell carcinoma if left untreated. Treating AK early helps prevent that progression.

• Common locations: AK is most often found on sun-exposed areas such as the face, lips, ears, scalp and hands.
• What it feels like: AKs are often easier to feel than to see. They may feel like rough, dry, scaly or gritty patches — similar to sandpaper.
• Why early detection matters: You may notice itching, tenderness or occasional bleeding in these areas. A quick visit with a dermatologist can help treat these spots early and prevent them from becoming more serious.

While basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma account for most skin cancer cases, there are also rarer types that require specialized care. Our skin cancer team is experienced in diagnosing and treating these conditions, including:

• Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC): A rare, fast-growing cancer that often appears as a firm, painless, flesh-colored or purplish bump on sun-exposed areas such as the face, neck or eyelids. Because it can be aggressive, early evaluation is important.
• Sebaceous carcinoma: An uncommon cancer that develops in the skin’s oil glands, most often on the eyelids. It can sometimes be mistaken for a persistent pimple or stye that doesn’t heal.
• Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP): A very rare cancer that begins in the deeper layers of the skin. It may appear as a small, firm patch or scar-like growth on the arms, legs or torso and typically grows slowly over time.

When To Seek Care

If you notice an unusual skin growth, an eyelid bump that won’t go away or a sore that continues to bleed and heal, scheduling an evaluation is an important next step.