Mental Health in Adolescents: Understanding the Link to Substance Use

Being a teenager brings major changes — new friendships, academic pressures, social media and big emotions. For some teens, this stress develops into mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression or mood disorders. When these conditions go untreated, they can increase the risk of substance use, including alcohol, vaping and drugs.

Mental health and substance use are closely intertwined during adolescence. Many teens turn to alcohol or drugs as a form of self-medication, attempting to cope with overwhelming emotions such as sadness, panic or hyperactivity. Peer pressure can also play a big role. Teens may feel the need to fit in with friends who are using substances. Teens may use a friend’s vape or take a pill without full awareness of the chemicals or substances they contain. Others may be curious or want to take risks. Because of this, they might try something without fully understanding the consequences.

While substances may temporarily numb emotional pain, they often worsen mental health conditions over time. Alcohol and drugs can intensify feelings of sadness, anxiety or anger over time. This can create a harmful cycle that can lead to dependence on the substance, academic struggles and strained relationships.

Because the adolescent brain is still developing—especially areas responsible for impulse control and decision-making — early substance use can interfere with healthy brain development and emotional regulation.

Potential Warning Signs of Substance Use in Adolescents

Potential warning signs that could indicate a teen is struggling with their mental health and possibly misusing substances include: 

• A sudden drop in grades
• Significant changes in sleep patterns
• Significant changes in appetite and eating patterns
• Increased secrecy 
• Unexplained, dramatic mood swings

These shifts can often signal underlying distress or a developing issue that needs attention.

How To Help a Loved One

Parents, caregivers and other trusted adults can make a big difference by creating a safe space for teens to talk about what they're feeling. If you're concerned about a teen's mental health, encourage them to seek help from a school counselor, pediatrician, therapist or another healthcare provider.

Mental health challenges can affect more than a teen's mood. If left untreated, they may increase the risk of alcohol or drug use. Early support, open communication and healthy coping skills can help teens manage challenges and improve their overall well-being.

What Teens Can Do

If you're struggling with stress, anxiety, depression or other mental health challenges, these steps can help:

1. Build healthy coping skills. Try journaling and mindfulness when emotions are becoming overwhelming.
2. Reach out for support. Talk to a school counselor, therapist, doctor or another trusted adult if you're having a hard time.
3. Stay connected. Surround yourself with supportive friends and take part in activities that make you feel good.

Where To Find Support

If you ever feel stuck, remember: Community Fairbanks Behavioral Health is here to help.

Contact us at 317-621-5700.

• For 24-hour crisis care, select option #1.
• For more information or to schedule a first-time appointment, select option #2.

For substance use disorder treatment, contact Community Fairbanks Recovery Center at 800-225-4673 or visit eCommunity.com/fairbanks.