The liver is the largest organ inside the body, located in the upper right side of the abdomen below the right lung. It removes toxins and waste from the body and produces bile to help with digestion.
Primary liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with more than 42,340 new cases expected to be diagnosed in the U.S. in 2026.
What Is My Risk of Developing Liver Cancer?
While anyone can develop liver cancer, certain medical conditions and lifestyle factors can significantly elevate your risk:
- Medical Risk Factors: Chronic liver diseases—such as cirrhosis, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C—obesity, high alcohol intake, and inherited metabolic diseases.
- Gender: Primary liver cancer is nearly three times as common in men than women.
- Geography: It is substantially more prevalent in regions of the world where hepatitis B infections are widespread (such as sub-Saharan Africa).
What Are the Symptoms of Liver Cancer?
In its early stages, liver cancer may not cause noticeable warning signs. As the tumor grows, common symptoms include:
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes)
- Upper abdominal swelling, pain, or a hard lump below the ribs
- Unexplained weight loss or loss of appetite
- Severe, persistent tiredness or weakness
How Can I Prevent Liver Cancer?
Living a healthy lifestyle can help reduce your risk of developing liver cancer:
- Healthy Habits: Eat nutritious foods, manage your weight, reduce alcohol consumption, and quit smoking.
- Medical Prevention: Get vaccinated for Hepatitis B and seek treatment for Hepatitis C.
- Note: After a liver cancer diagnosis, the goal shifts to keeping the remaining liver tissue as healthy as possible through tailored diet and lifestyle adjustments.
Can Liver Cancer Be Treated and Cured?
Yes, if caught early, liver cancer is treatable and potentially curable. Your specialized care team will customize a plan based on your overall liver health and the stage of the disease, which may include:
- Surgery: To remove the tumor (partial hepatectomy) or a complete liver transplant.
- Ablation & Embolization: Minimally invasive techniques used to destroy tumor cells or block their blood supply.
- Radiation Therapy: Utilizing targeted high-energy beams to shrink or destroy cancer cells.
- Targeted Immunotherapy & Chemotherapy: Advanced systemic medications designed to help your immune system fight the cancer or stop cells from dividing.