Uterine cancer begins in the uterus, or womb, the pear-shaped organ in a woman's lower abdomen where a baby grows during pregnancy. Occurring most often after menopause, uterine cancer is the most commonly diagnosed gynecologic cancer. There is no way to prevent uterine cancer, but risk may be lower in women who use birth control pills, maintain a healthy and active lifestyle, and take progesterone during hormone replacement therapy.
Routine testing is not recommended for uterine cancer. Signs and symptoms of uterine cancer may include abnormal vaginal discharge or bleeding, pelvic pain or pressure, difficulty urinating, and painful intercourse. When symptoms are present, your doctor may recommend a biopsy or ultrasound for further testing.
Endometrial cancer is the most common uterine cancer and is highly curable when detected early. It occurs in the lining of the uterus, or endometrium. Risk factors for endometrial cancer include early menarche or late menopause, infertility, never having children, and obesity.
Symptoms of endometrial cancer include abnormal bleeding, difficult or painful urination, pain during intercourse, pain in the pelvic area and weight loss. Diagnosis of endometrial cancer may involve a pelvic exam, Pap smear testing, biopsy, dilation and curettage (D&C) or ultrasound.